Canadian diplomatic missions (embassies) generally located in the capital city of a foreign country that are responsible for representing the home country abroad and handling foreign diplomatic affairs as well as looking after the welfare of citizens who are living in that country; and sub offices (consulates) located in other major cities that are responsible for minor diplomatic issues, safeguarding resident and travelling citizens and promoting and protecting trade and the interests of businesses operating on foreign soil. Everyday consular functions include processing and granting passports and visas, inspection of ships bound for the consulate's home nation and assistance in the resolution of legal issues between its citizens and local authorities. The member countries of the Commonwealth of Nations do not exchange ambassadors but instead utilize the office of High Commissioner between member countries.

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Programs that provide emergency services and humanitarian aid for countries that are affected by conflict, natural disaster or poverty and whose populations have been deprived of food, shelter and other resources essential for survival.

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